A Brief Note On Police Brutality And America - 1098 Words

Andrea Studebaker November 18, 2015 ENG 1113 CRN 12896 E4FD Police Brutality in America On April 12th, 2015, a young man named Freddie Gray, was arrested for allegedly having an illegal switchblade on his person. That same day, Gray entered a police van for transport, seemingly fine. Only to leave that same police van half an hour later, in a coma, with severe injuries to his spinal cord. Thirty minutes is all it took, for a seemingly healthy man, to end up in the back of an ambulance. He died one week later. All but one officer, the driver, were charged with crimes ranging from illegal arrest to manslaughter. The driver was charged with second degree depraved heart murder, the equivalent of second degree murder. The illegal†¦show more content†¦The people of Baltimore lost their complacency though, and along with it their ability to rationalize, with yet another case of police brutality. While their decisions to begin setting fires, looting, and throwing bricks was not a positive one, these people were determined to be hear d once and for all. Statistics from the National Police Misconduct Statistics and Reporting Project (NPMSRP), from the months of April 2009 to June 2010 showed that during this time there were 5,986 reports of misconduct. There were also 382 fatalities linked to misconduct, along with settlements and judgements linked to misconduct totaling $347,455,000. 33% of the misconduct cases went through to convictions and 64% of them received prison sentences. Yet these numbers were not enough of a shock to our city and state leaders to take action before situations, such as the riots in Baltimore or Ferguson, occurred. The warnings were there, the numbers and statistics, yet the matter was not handled in a reasonable amount of time. Leaving the public to wonder, if they were all in jeopardy. Would a simple routine check point end in violence? Fearful that any word out of their mouths, or simply the color of their skin, could bring forth such behavior. Current studies have shown that  "less educated police officers tend to be the most aggressive and

The Long Term Effects Of European Imperialism After The...

The Long-Term Effects of European Imperialism after the Berlin Conference In 1885 at Berlin, the major european powers meet together, each seeking to increase their influence on the world by taking control of the African continent. Europe had a grip on Africa until a series of African independence movements in the 1960s. Between that time the native people of each African colony were treated differently and used for different purposes. Compare and Contrast how each European country used and treated the people of their respective colonies. International Baccalaureate Extended Essay in History Word Count: Winter Park High School Winter Park, Florida Word Count: 2025 Abstract Between the years 1884 and 1885, the nations of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal and the Netherlands had a series of meetings together in Berlin in order to safeguard their commercial interests in Africa. These meetings are referred to as the Berlin Conference. The 4 major players in the conference were Great Britain, France, Portugal, and Belgium. Germany lost handed their colony of German East Africa to Great Britain after losing World War I. African people were now under control of whoever colonized them. Each colony was used for different purposes, and each Colonizer treated their people with a varied degree of harshness. Compare and Contrast how each European country used and treated the people of their respective colonies. To research this to topic, the valued resourcesShow MoreRelatedImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expans ion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various developing countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"new† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affectedRead MoreAn Area Is Not A Simple Process1620 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems between the parties involved. This essay will examine the effects of decolonisation by drawing an outline of the causes that led to the decline of European Imperialism in Africa. The assessment will be focusing on the continuations and disparities following the period of Long Depression at the end of the nineteenth century, which included the Scramble for Africa† and the political dissecting of the continent. Imperialism is the extension of a country s eminence into foreign territoriesRead MoreThe Berlin Conference Of 1885 Sought To Regulate European1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe Berlin Conference of 1885 sought to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa and was how the European powers avoided conflict between one another over African resources. This meeting of European powers is referred to as the beginning of the scramble for Africa. No African could have expected what was to come post 1855. The aggression and exploitation that followed, described vividly in Heart of Darkness, has now adapted into more humane mechanisms due to criticism against brutalityRead MoreSample Resume : Dublin City University Essay2132 Words   |  9 Pagestable facilitates the assessment of your performance in selected components of your assignment and is designed to alert you to the general areas of strength and/ or in need of improvement in your work. Please note that the components are not equal in terms of contribution to your overall mark. Attention to Assignment Task, Analysis and Structure are the three most important criteria for assessment. Please note that the total mark indicated is based on an evaluation of your overall performance in theRead MoreImperialism in Africa2182 Words   |  9 Pagesis meant by the term imperialism. Discuss the causes of imperialism in the 1800s. Kamar Findlay ID# 092165839 Mico University College Imperialism in Africa Mrs. Pitter October 29, 2011 Imperialism is the creation and or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination (Johnston, 2000.p.375). In its simplest form Farah and Karls (2001) describes imperialism as one country’sRead MoreAssess the Significance of Strategic Factors in Bringing About Change in Relation to Expansion and Dismantling of the British Empire in Africa in the Period C1870 – C19812318 Words   |  10 PagesDark Continent rose as fast as it declined, although there were many contributing factors to expansion, those same factors then contributed to the decolonisation of the continent. Historian Bernard Porter argues that formal imperialism for Britain was a symptom and an effect of its relative decline in the world, and not of strength. Therefore it was strategic policy that influenced Britain’s expansion in Africa, more so than economic or moral aims. S trategic policy, in definition, is the foreignRead MoreJapanese Militarism5701 Words   |  23 Pagesnation’s military strength was divided into (a) Regular Army, (b) Reserves, and (c) National Army. It was organised on the model of the European military system. In short, the Meiji Era laid the foundation for the emergence of Militarism. It gave Japan the required strength, support, security, and above all, the supreme confidence to unleash her forces of imperialism and Militarism. There are several factors that fostered the development of Japanese nationalism and Militarism. Factors that fosteredRead MoreJapanese Militarism5701 Words   |  23 Pagesnation’s military strength was divided into (a) Regular Army, (b) Reserves, and (c) National Army. It was organised on the model of the European military system. In short, the Meiji Era laid the foundation for the emergence of Militarism. It gave Japan the required strength, support, security, and above all, the supreme confidence to unleash her forces of imperialism and Militarism. There are several factors that fostered the development of Japanese nationalism and Militarism. Factors that fosteredRead MoreHis171 Part 7, E3 Eznotes5586 Words   |  23 Pageslate nineteenth century, referred especially to a. the development of aircraft. b. submarine telegraph cables. c. transcontinental railroads. d. the science fiction musings of H. G. Wells. e. an accurate clock 3. Most railways were built by European or American engineers with equipment from the West. The exception to this was in a. Japan.* b. China. c. Mexico. d. the Orient Express. e. Russia. 4. The largest railway network in the world at the end of the nineteenth century was in a.Read MoreWhy Is It That Europe Colonized Africa and Asia2901 Words   |  12 Pageswave of European colonization and exploitation started in America in the 15th century until early in the 19th century (Tmh, 2010). It primarily involved the colonization of the Americans by the Europeans. The second extensive phase of European exploratory ventures and colonization was primarily focused on Asia and Africa. It was also known as the era of new imperialism. History of Colonialism in Africa and Asia by the Europeans Between the historical times of 1450 and 1750, Europeans widely

Analysis of Corporate Sustainability Policies

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Corporate Sustainability Policies. Answer: Introduction As the third largest craft brewer in the United States of America, New Belgium Brewing Company (NBB) has made a name for itself as the epitome of social and environmental responsibility in the corporate world (B Corporations, n.d.). Established in 1991 as a result of an inspiring bicycle trip in Belgium, NBB has made sustainability an integral part of its mission and vision over the years (Ferrell, et al., 2015). As part of its core values, the company has committed to environmental stewardship by; reducing its use of natural resources, increasing energy efficiency and also recycling (B Corporations, n.d.). In 2015 it was added to B Corporation's list of Best for the Environment as an appreciation of its overall positive environmental impact(Craft Beer, 2015). The company also strives to uplift the community through philanthropic activities, sponsoring events as well as corporate giving (Ferrell, et al., 2015). Some of these activities include; donating sales, encouraging employees to volunteer and partnering other like-minded organisations (Ferrell, et al., 2015). NBB also supports various non-profit organisations through sponsorship events like the Tour de Fat which encourages individuals to promote sustainable transportation by exchanging cars for bicycles (Ferrell, et al., 2015). It is driven by the hope to set the stage for other companies to consider people and the environment and not just profits when strategizing (B Corporations, n.d.). The following report aims to identify NBBs sustainability policies with regard to the environment and society as a whole. In doing this, it seeks to determine whether NBBs policies qualify it as a socially responsible corporation and whether it has gained any a competitive advantage in the industry from them. In order to complete the analysis, the study will discuss three primary areas. Firstly, the report will identify the emerging issues under environmental sustainability and outline the strategies employed to combat them. Secondly, the study will also analyse the concept of social responsibility and its effect on a corporations competitive advantage. Lastly, the study is tasked with analysing the ethical dilemma that is social responsibility in the Alcohol Industry. Environmental Sustainability In simple terms, sustainability can be defined as the commitment to maintain systems in correspondence with environmental, social and economic considerations for as long as possible (Crane Matten, 2016). This includes assessing and improving corporate strategies, economic sectors, workplace customs, lifestyles and technology without depleting the natural environment (Ferrell, et al., 2012). Morelli (2011) defines sustainability as meeting the required resources of current and future generations without compromising the health of the environment that provides them. It is the expected balance and interrelation of the human society with its environment in order to sate its needs but with care not to surpass the capacity of the environment to reproduce the services (Morelli, 2011). Emerging Issues under Environmental Sustainability With the turn of the 20th Century, various issues emerged as environmental threats as a result of man straining the long-term sustainability of natural resources(Ferrell, et al., 2012). These issues include the protection of water, air, land and renewable natural energy(Ferrell, et al., 2012). With regard to air, as a result of industrialisation air pollution has become a detrimental issue to the environment(Ferrell, et al., 2016). It occurs as a result of stationary, mobile and natural sources which include factories, cars and volcanic eruptions respectively(Ferrell, et al., 2016). The emission of carbon dioxide and some other greenhouse gases is causing depletion to the ozone layer (Ferrell, et al., 2012). Water pollution as a result of dumping untreated waste materials into the natural resources is another challenge facing environmental conservation today (Ferrell, et al., 2012). Additionally, overuse of water in production and manufacturing is also contributing to the depletion o f this natural resource. The third emerging issue that is relevant to this report is energy conservation. The main sources of energy are electricity and fossil fuel both of which, when utilised, contribute to pollution through high levels of emission (Ferrell, et al., 2012). Various strategies have been outlined in an effort to address and control these emerging issues. On the threat to air, concerned countries have embarked on policies to monitor and control emissions of gases that contribute to air pollution. An example of such a policy is the Kyoto Protocol committed to reduced carbon emissions among signatories(Ferrell, et al., 2012). Corporations have also undertaken to adopt Sustainability Management Systems; these not only monitor air pollution but the use of water and other resources as well (United Nations Global Compact, 2014). In a bid to control waste management, a recycling and reuse campaign had been undertaken by many environmentally concerned corporations(Ferrell, et al., 2012). Alternative energy is another important strategy to ensuring environmental sustainability by reducing emissions thus reducing the environmental threat (Ferrell, et al., 2012). The sources of alternative energy include solar power, wind power, geothermal power amon g others(Ferrell, et al., 2012). NBBs Environmental Sustainability Policies NBB has made a niche for itself as an environmentally conscious corporation. It has concerned itself greatly with the impact it has on the environment on issues such as water use and waste management, air pollution and energy conservation(Ferrell, et al., 2015). It is always on the lookout for ways to maximise its raw materials, decrease energy use and reduce waste(Andreas, et al., 2011). In 1999, with employee support, NBB became the first wind-powered brewery in the country(Huffman Klein, 2013). This move allowed it to purchase an equivalent of 100 percent of its electricity from wind power (Andreas, et al., 2011). In 2002, NBB invested in an on-site water treatment plant to produce energy and clean production wastewater. (Andreas, et al., 2011). Methane, which is a by-product of the process, is used to run the brewery equipment(Pride, et al., 2009). Skylights and sun tubes have also been installed to reduce the need for electricity use during the day (Andreas, et al., 2011). A so lar array was also implemented in 2009 in an effort to reduce electricity use (Andreas, et al., 2011). NBB promotes cycling as an alternative mode of transportation and strives to reduce waste through recycling, incentive reuse strategies and responsible purchasing (Andreas, et al., 2011). In order to address the underlying environmental issues mentioned above, NBB has employed various strategies in its business model. Firstly, in order to monitor energy use and carbon emission, the company conducts energy audits. The first energy audit was in 1998 which revealed electricity as the largest carbon emitter thus leading to the adoption of wind power(Andreas, et al., 2011). Secondly, the company also partners with organisations that strive to meet the same objectives. In 2002, it partnered with Green Building Council to incorporate new green building technologies in its facilities(Andreas, et al., 2011). Thirdly, the company also conducts Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to research how its environmental footprint would fare under different proposed scenarios(Andreas, et al., 2011). Additionally, between 2006 and 2007, the company developed a Sustainability Management System to estimate its carbon footprint(Andreas, et al., 2011). The system focuses on carbon footprint reduction, water conservation and strategic planning(Andreas, et al., 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility In a broad sense, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a type of management characterised by the openness and ethics of a company with respect to all its stakeholders as well as the formulation of goals that correspond with sustainability and an aim to reduce societal problems (Sousa, et al., 2010). Simply put, CSR concerns itself with the relationship between the entity and the community in which it operates (Crowther Aras, 2010). It is a commitment to uplift a communitys welfare through the appropriate and elective business methods as well as philanthropic activities (Kotler Lee, 2011). In order to fulfil these commitments, a company undertakes various social initiatives which can be classified as cause-promotion activities, cause-related marketing activities, socially responsible business practices among others (Kotler Lee, 2011). The Impact of CSR on Competitive Advantage Over the years, the debate around CSR has gained great momentum from a simple affirmation of duties to the examination of a possible connection between CSR and a companys performance (Calabrese, et al., 2013). It is expected that in the near future, only corporations that commit to sustainability will gain competitive advantage (Nidumolu, et al., 2009). This is because CSR encourages innovation and differentiation both of which are contributing elements for competitive advantage (Calabrese, et al., 2013). Many large corporations are engaging in CSR activities, a fact that serves to prove that it is more than a mere cost-reduction, restriction or compliance strategy but rather a contribution to competitive advantage (El-Garahiy, et al., 2014). However, it is important to note that there is no clear indication that CSR is a useful tool to gaining competitive advantage (Calabrese, et al., 2013). As a competitive advantage tool, CSR can be used to differentiate a firms products from those of its competitors (Idowu Filho, 2008). Innovation has led to great strides in social responsibility for example; organic foods, recycled furniture, energy-efficient lighting and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) buildings among others (Idowu Filho, 2008). Companies such as Interface carpets, Ben Jerrys, Whole Foods among others are relying on CSR as a competitive advantage(Idowu Filho, 2008). In the case of Interface Carpets, after more than two decades of economic growth, the company decided to overhaul its business ecosystem in 1994 so as to alter its environmental damage(Rangan, et al., 2012). Since the transformation, the companies sales increased by 65 percent, while its profits more than doubled to 200 percent(Rangan, et al., 2012). With regard to the environment, Interface reduced its gas emissions and water usage by 92 percent and 75 percent respectively(Ranga n, et al., 2012). CSR affirms that competitive advantage can only be achieved by economically efficient, socially responsible and environmentally aware corporations ((Idowu Filho, 2008). NBBs CSR Policy and Competitive Advantage According to Ferrell et al. (2016), NBBs strides in sustainability, both socially and environmentally, have borne fruit by earning them a loyal following that has led to increased interest in their operations. The company has also received various awards including the Business Ethics Award from Business Ethics Magazine, Best mid-sized Brewmaster, among others(Ferrell, et al., 2015). However, when asked about the effect of the companys sustainability initiatives on its sales and customer base, Jenn Vervier, the Director of Strategy Sustainability at NBB, stated that initiatives seemed to have a very shallow effect on the product sales as a vast majority of consumers were more interested in the product than the other activities the company was involved in (Withall, 2014). From this, we can deduce that NBBs social responsibility does not provide a key competitive advantage for the company in the alcohol industry. However, its initiatives have led to global recognition and appreciation creating a very loyal following for the company. Social Responsibility and the Alcohol Industry The role and application of CSR in the Alcohol Industry is a debate that is growing rapidly (Banco, 2011). This is because the industrys product and its direct impact on society create a unique and complex approach to social responsibility (Banco, 2011). Critics believe that CSR campaigns by alcohol producing companies as an advertisement strategy to propagate a positive image of the products without addressing the harms of alcohol consumption(Vimont, 2013). With the increase in campaigns on the awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol products, many corporations in the industry are in competition to adopt CSR strategies to build their image (Yoon Lam, 2013). In order to promote their CSR strategies, alcohol producing companies have adopted various social initiatives such as personal responsibility, voluntarism and corporate philanthropy. Some of these companies include Pernod Ricard, SABMiller and Anheuser-Busch. With regard to personal responsibility, companies in this industry tend to propagate the narrative that the harmful consequences of alcohol consumption are as a result of irresponsibility among individuals as stated in Pernod Ricards CSR document (Yoon Lam, 2013). Anheuser-Busch, in 2010, launched Global Be(e)r Responsible Day where its employees are encouraged to engage retailers and consumers in discussions on responsible drinking; this is in line with voluntarism (Yoon Lam, 2013). Finally, on corporate philanthropy, in 2012 SABMiller is said to have pledged $34 Million to Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia in a bid to create sustainable economic opportunities for small business owners in these countries (Yoon Lam, 2013). However, it is believed that these initiatives are aimed at economic and public relations agendas and not necessarily social welfare. NBB as a Socially Responsible Alcohol Producing Corporation Some society members find it hard to believe that an alcohol producing company can be socially responsible(Ferrell, et al., 2015). As the discussion above shows, the industry is not short on critics of its social responsibility endeavours. When compared with the companies aforementioned, the social initiatives previously identified are evident in NBBs case. With regard to personal responsibility, the company embodies the notion that drinking responsibly is an individual choice (Ferrell, et al., 2015). Additionally, on the voluntarism initiative, NBBs employees are in a partnership with Habitat for Humanity to build homes for those who lose them to fires (Ferrell, et al., 2016). Employees are also encouraged to participate in volunteer work through reimbursements with paid time off (Ferrell, et al., 2015). Finally, NBB has invested a lot of time and resources into their philanthropic activities. It has set up a Philanthropic Committee that makes funding decisions guided by the diverse , creative and innovative qualities of an organisation's mission and objectives(Ferrell, et al., 2015). NBBs actions indicate a socially responsible corporation to the extent that it is focused on sustaining the environment and encouraging like-minded individuals to do the same and join in their cause. However, the company falls short in that it does not seem to have any initiatives towards dealing with responsible alcohol consumption and the harms that come with irresponsible drinking. As a company in the industry, its CSR mandate is slightly more complicated and demanding than of any other company and as such, it should make an effort to engage in these issues(Banco, 2011). Conclusions As a company, NBB has taken a strong stance on sustainability over the years. This is evidenced by its investments in innovation to ensure energy efficiency and minimise its environmental footprint. Its strategic approach through Sustainability Management Systems, Energy Audits, alternative transportation and packaging solutions among other initiatives has earned it worldwide acclaim as an environmentally conscious corporation. It is evident that this strong stance is as a result of the founders passion for the cause which was passed on to the company and engraved in its values and objectives. There are numerous arguments proposing and opposing the link between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. Some companies such as Interface Carpets have been identified to be using CSR are a competitive advantage tool. However, although NBB has mastered quite the following as a result of these initiatives, its Director of Strategy and Sustainability, Jenn Vervier, has confirmed that the impact of its social initiatives has been very minimal to actual consumers of their products. As such the report concludes that NBBs focus on social responsibility does not provide a key competitive advantage for the organisation. Finally, with regard to NBBs social initiatives being an indicator of a socially responsible corporation as an alcohol producing company, the study has revealed that sustainability has been a component of NBBs DNA since its inception(Ferrell, et al., 2015). It was a personal interest of the companys founders which has since manifested into its defining feature. However, despite its vast achievements in environmental sustainability, NBB falls short in that it does not have sufficient initiatives to deal with responsible alcohol consumption and the harms that come with irresponsible drinking such as drunk driving, domestic abuse, vandalism among others(Banco, 2011). The company, therefore, needs to expand its reach under its corporate social responsibility policy to address issues directly related to its corporate activities. Works Cited Andreas, F., Cooperman, E. S. Gifford, B., 2011. A Simple Path to Sustainability: Green Business Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses. s.l.:ABC-CLIO. B Corporations, n.d.. New Belgium Inc.. [Online] Available at: https://www.bcorporation.net/community/new-belgium-brewing-co-inc [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Banco, J., 2011. Responsibilities of the Alcohol Industry. [Online] Available at: https://inspiredeconomist.com/2011/04/13/responsibilities-of-the-alcohol-industry/ [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Calabrese, A., Costa, R., Tamara Menichini, F. R. Sanfelice, G., 2013. Turning Corporate Social Responsibility-driven Opportunities in Competitive Advantages: a Two-dimensional Model. Knowledge and Process Management, 20(1), pp. 50-58. Calub, M. E., 2015. Proactive Environmental Strategies: Managing a Corporate Culture Shift toward Sustainability. USF Scholarship Repository Masters' Projects, Fall(269). Craft Beer, 2015. New Belgium Brewing Honoured as 'Best For the Environment'. [Online] Available at: https://www.craftbeer.com/news/brewery-news/new-belgium-brewing-honored-as-best-for-the-environment [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Crane, A. Matten, D., 2016. Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Crowther, D. Aras, G., 2010. Corporate Social Responsibility: Part I. s.l.:Bookboon. Devinney, T. M., Schwalbach, J. Williams, C. A., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance: Comparative Perspectives. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(5), pp. 413-419. El-Garahiy, W. H., Mobarak, A.-K. M. Albahussain, S. A., 2014. Measuring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices on Competitive Advantage: A Mediation Role of Reputation and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(5), pp. 109-124. Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J. Ferell, L., 2015. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. 10th ed. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O., Fraendrich, J. Ferrell, L., 2012. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. 9th ed. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O., Fraendrich, J. Ferrell, L., 2016. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. 11th ed. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Haynes, K., Dillard, J. F. Murray, A., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility: A Research Handbook. s.l.:Routledge. Huffman, A. H. Klein, S. R., 2013. Green Organisations: Driving Change with I-O Psychology. s.l.:Routledge. Idowu, S. O. Filho, W. L., 2008. Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility. s.l.:Springer Science Business Media. Kotler, P. Lee, N., 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Cause. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. McElhaney, K., 2010. Clariden Global Insights. [Online] Available at: https://claridenglobal.com/programs/CGArticle_CSRLeadership.pdf [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Morelli, J., 2011. Environmental Sustainability: A Definition for Environmental Professionals. Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), pp. 1-9. Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K. Rangaswami, M. R., 2009. Why Sustainability is Now the Key Driver of Innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87(9), pp. 25-34. Pride, W., Hughes, R. Kapoor, J., 2009. Business. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Prindle, W. R., 2010. From Shop Floor to Top Floor: Best Business Practices in Energy Efficiency, Arlington: PEW Center on Global Climate Change. Rangan, K., Chase, L. Karim, S., 2012. Why Every Company Needs a CSR Strategy and How to Build It. s.l.:Harvard Business School. Sousa, J. M. d., Outtes, L. S., Gomes, C. P. Farache, F., 2010. Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Management for Competitive Advantage. Brazil Administrative Review, 7(3), pp. 294-309. Trevino, L. K. Nelson, K. A., 2010. Managing Business Ethics. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. United Nations Global Compact, 2014. Guide to Corporate Sustainability, New York: United Nations. Vimont, C., 2013. Watchdog Group Slams Alcohol "Social Responsibility" Campaigns. [Online] Available at: https://www.drugfree.org/news-service/watchdog-group-slams-alcohol-social-responsibility-campaigns/ [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Withall, R., 2014. A Splash of Beer, A Ripple of Awareness: Sustainability at New Belgium Brewing. [Online] Available at: https://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/leadership/ryan_withall/splash_beer_ripple_awareness_sustainability_new_belgium_brewi [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Yoon, S. Lam, T.-H., 2013. The Illusion of Righteousness: Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of the Alcohol Industry. BMC Public Health, 13(630), pp. 1-11.

The Tanzimat Period

Introduction The Tanzimat was basically a period during which the Ottoman Empire was reorganized and reformed starting from the early eighties. The main idea was to bring about development in the empire through tax revenue collection for military support in order to ensure complete control of its territory and prevent colonization by the powerful nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tanzimat Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reformations made became the major root of Ottomanism among the majority ethnic groups in the empire which led to formation of nationalists movements. One main attempt of the reformations was to bring together non-Muslims and non-Turks and incorporate them into the Ottoman social believes and norms. They were to get liberty to allow them to exercise equal right to the Turks (Goodwin 1). Changes on the Ottoman Empire during Tanzimat The transformations that were brought durin g the Tanzimat era resulted to certain changes in the territory some of which were positive while others affected the Turks negatively. The most affected fields by these changes were national economy as well as the cultural backgrounds. For instance, the taxation system changed from use of goods to cash based taxation especially with the increased Jewish migrations during that period, who contributed to the empire’s economic growth. As the economy continued to grow many people from upcountry moved to the urban areas from where they could access employment opportunities much easily. Other significant changes occurred in the reformation and restructuring of many structures in the state. The traditional administration was abolished and a new modern one established that would deliver more effectively to the people. Some changes also occurred in the social way of life with many people getting aware of education and sending them to the Islam schools that were available during that time. Traditional systems in education were replaced with western schools which produced quality graduates and the madrasa system, as well, was reformed to a modern one. The court system was changed to consist of panel judges although Islam courts were still in place to promote centralized administration. However, these modernization attempts led to the weakening of the empire before the western powers who gained power over the territory. Some western countries such as Europe gained power to control the empire as they had certain privileges in economy and diplomacy since they claimed to be protecting the Ottoman communities.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many people were influenced by the western powers to convert from Islam to Christianity especially Catholicism which was the major religious group. As other religious groups grew, competition on religion increased and as a result non- Muslims were forbidden from joining Islam (Berald 1). European impact on the Ottoman Empire Exchange of culture has been, over the years, a very common doing between many nations worldwide. As the Ottoman Empire was getting more and more dominated by western nations, Europe used the chance to market itself in the territory as a way of assisting them. During and after World War I and II, many powerful nations had plans to get Europe out of the dominance position it acquired in many less powerful nations especially in Asia and Africa. As a result, Europe’s powers on economy and military decreased drastically within those nations. However, its civilization and technological knowhow have remained deep rooted in many countries. Scientific technologies were introduced in the Ottoman communities and just like many other nations, the territory become under the influence of Europe. The Ottoman’s communities benefitted as they advanced their body health as well as gaining knowle dge on general issues and intellectual capabilities. Structures in the Ottoman’s community were improved leading to a better planned city and a consequential societal livelihood. Classical music was also developed with much influence from the European nations. Cultural traditions were abolished and new forms of social ways of living were adopted. European traders were eager to start trading in many regions including the Ottoman society which benefited by getting availability of goods that are not locally produced. However, boundaries by the Europeans did not put into consideration the differences that occur between different ethnic groups and this affected the Ottoman communities’ ways of living since each ethnic group has its own norms and way of live. These boundaries caused displacement of many large volumes of populations as well as splitting of families and loss of land for cultivation and grazing for those who were still practicing agriculture (Acer 1). How Russi a acquired dominance in the Ottoman Empire Despite the formation of an alliance between Ottoman and Germany to prevent Russia’s dominance over the Empire, Russia still managed to dominate over the Ottoman Empire. Russia got the chance to dominate Ottoman from World War I when the empire harbored Germany ships which were used to attack the Russians.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Tanzimat Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the first periods of the war, the Ottoman communities had gained some victory in several occasions but as the war progressed, some difficulties were faced. Later during the war, Ottoman’s government prohibited the deportation of Armenians. However, despite this prohibition, the Armenians were forcefully brought to the Ottoman communities. In 1916, the Ottomans power on the war reduced drastically and resulted to assignment of its territories to the Russian empire. Bei ng the first neighbor to the Ottoman community, Russia had the advantage of dominating over Turkey which was crumbling at the time. This gave Russia more access to the Empire than the other European powers and this is partly why Russia gained dominance. Besides being the nearest to the Ottoman community, Russia used other strategies to gain dominance. For instance, it claimed the right to protect the Orthodox Christians since it was the leading powers over the church group. This provided the Russians with greater opportunities to engage indirectly in affairs involving Turkey. Geographical features connecting Russia and Turkey also gave easy access to the region making it easy for the Russians to exercise power in the Turkish territories. Communication ships and other modes were used by the Russian military to get better access to the Ottomans communities. Russia had an added advantage in an agreement which blocked the use of these channels by all European nations except for Russia i n case of a crisis (Simon 1). Conclusion The Tanzimat period had very useful changes especially in the education forum which is still and more beneficial today. Other developments such as in revenue generation and service delivery by the state have been of great help in bringing equal civilization and modernization in all the communities. It was therefore a great move by the Ottoman society to realize that it had lagged behind and to accept help and modernization from the western nations. The social life of the Ottomans society as a whole changed to the better with the introduction of modern schools since quality education is the key to a better life. Works Cited Acer, Zabit. â€Å"Ottoman Modernization and Effects of the Tanziman Edict on Today†. 2009. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Berald, Gerry. â€Å"The Age of Western Imperialism†. 2002. Web. Goodwin, Kevin. â€Å" The Tanziman and the Problem of Political Authority in the Ottoman Empire: 1839 – 1876†. 2006. Web. Simon, Viviane. â€Å"Europe and nations, 1815-1914†. 2005. Web. This essay on The Tanzimat Period was written and submitted by user Jadyn R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.